Geography(NCERT Note) -Globe Latitudes & Longitudes

Equator:

Imaginary line running on globe divides it into two equal parts called equator.
Northern half of the earth is known as Northern hemisphere & southern half is known as southern hemisphere.
All parallel circle from equator to poles are called parallels of latitude.

By measuring the angle of pole star we can know the latitude of our place.

Important parallels of latitude:

Torrid zone:
Mid day sun is exactly over head at least once in a year on all latitudes between tropic of cancer & tropic of Capricorn.This area therefore receives maximum heat & is called  torrid zone.
Temperate zone:
Mid day sun never shine over head beyond tropic of cancer & tropic of Capricorn ,the angle of sun's rays goes on decreasing towards Poles. Area bounded by tropic of cancer & Arctic circle in northern hemisphere  and area bounded by tropic of Capricorn & Antarctic circle have moderate temperatures. Therefore called temperate Zones.

Frigid Zone:
Areas lying between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere, are very cold. It is because here the sun does not rise much above the horizon. Therefore, its rays are always slanting and provide less heat. These are, therefore, called Frigid Zones (very cold)

Longitude:
To locate the place precisely along with latitude we need to know   how far east or west  places are from a given line of reference running from the North Pole to the South Pole. These lines of references are called the meridians of longitude. and the distances between them are measured in ‘degrees of longitude


Prime meridian passed through greenwich, where the british royal observatory is located.

Longitude & Time:

As the earth rotates from west to east, places east of the greenwich will be ahead of greenwich time and places west of greenwich will be behind it.

earth rotates 360 degree in 24 hour , completes 15 degree rotation in 1 hour ... 15 degrees east of greenwich will be one hour ahead of time & 15 degree west of greenwich will be 1 hour behind the greenwich time.

In india longitude of 82 degree 30 minutes has been considered as standard meridian. The local time at this meridian has been taken as standard time for the whole country.




India 's Latitudinal & Longitudinal extension:

Latitudinal :
8 degree 4 minute north - 37 degree 6 minute north

Longitudinal:
68 degree 7 minute East - 97 degree 25 minute east








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