Above video has well explained concept of summer solstice, winter solstice, spring equinox , autumn equinox
Summer Solstice:(21st june) :
The axis of earth which is imaginary line make an angle of 66 degree 5 minute from its orbital plan.
On 21st june northern hemisphere is tilts towards SUN and rays of sun fall directly on the tropic of cancer.
As a result these areas receives more heat. the areas near the pole receive less heat as rays of sun are slanting . North Pole tilts towards sun & places beyond the arctic circle receives continuous sun rays & experience day light around six months.
It is summer in the north of equator, longest days & shortest night at these places occur at 21st june.
At this time southern hemisphere experience winter. The position of earth is called summer solstice.
Winter Solstice:(22nd December) :
On 22nd December Southern hemisphere tilts towards SUN , rays of sun fall directly on tropic of Capricorn.
Southern hemisphere receives more sun rays. & longest day & shortest night happen in this zone where in Northern hemisphere this is winter season.
Autumn Equinox & Spring Equinox:
On 21st March and September 23rd, direct rays of the sun fall on the equator. At this position, neither of
the poles is tilted towards the sun; so, the whole earth experiences equal days and equal nights. This is called
an equinox. On 23rd September, it is autumn season in the Northern Hemisphere and spring season in the Southern Hemisphere. The opposite is the case on 21st March when it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Thus, you find that there are days and nights and
changes in the seasons because of the rotation and revolution of the earth respectively
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