Points to Remember:
1. 74th
Constitutional amendment act 1992 has
added a new part IX-A to the constitution of India .It is entitled as ‘The
Municipalities’ .In addition this act has added a new Twelfth Schedule. It
Contains 18 functional items of municipalities.
2. 74th
Amendment act provides for the constitution of the following three type of municipalities
in every state
2.1. Nagar
panchayat: A transitional area from a rural area to an urban area.
2.2. Municipal
council: For a smaller urban area
2.3. Municipal
corporation: for a larger urban area
3. All
the members of a municipality shall be elected directly by the people of
municipal areas.
4. The
state legislator may provide the manner of election of the chairperson of a municipality
5. The
state legislator may provide for the representation of the following persons in
a municipality
5.1. Persons
having special knowledge or experience in municipal administration without the
right to vote in municipal meeting.
5.2. The
members of Lok sabha and the State legislative assembly representing
constituencies that comprise wholly or partly the municipal area.
5.3. The
members of the rajya sabha and state legislative council who are registered as
electors within the municipal area.
5.4. The
chairpersons of committees(other than wards committee)
6. The
superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls
and conduct of all elections to the municipalities shall be vested in the state
election commission.
7. The
president of India may direct that the provisions of this act shall apply to
any union territory subject to such exception & modifications as he may
specify.
8. District
Planning committee: Every state shall constitute at the district level , a
district planning committee to consolidate the plans prepared by panchayats
& municipalities .
9. Four-fifths
of the members of district planning committee should be elected by the elected
members of district panchayat & municipalities in the district from amongst
themselves.
10. Two- thirds of the members of Metropolitan
planning committee should be elected by
the elected members of municipalities and chairpersons of panchayat in the metropolitan
area from amongst themselves.
11. Types
of Urban Government:
11.1.Municipal Corporation: This is created
for the better administration of big cities. It has three authorities, the
council, standing committees and the commissioner. The council is the
legislative wing of corporation, it consist of councilors directly elected by
people. Council is headed by Mayor. The standing committees are created to
facilitate the working of the council .They deal with public works, education,
health, finance and so on. They take decision in their fields. The municipal
commissioner is responsible for the implementation of the decisions taken by
the council & its standing committee. He is the chief executive authority
of the corporation.
11.2.Municipality or Municipal council: The
municipalities are established for the administration of towns & smaller
cities.
11.3.Notified area committee: A notified area committee is created for two
types of areas –a fast developing town due to industrialization and a town
which doesn’t fulfill all the necessary
condition for the constitution of municipality, but which otherwise considered
important by the state government. Since it is established by a notification in
the government gazette, it is called as notified area committee. It is an
entirely nominated body. It is neither elected body nor statutory body.
11.4.Town area committee:- Town area
committee is setup for the administration of a small town having limited number
of civic functions.
11.5.Cantonment Board: Cantonment board is
established for municipal administration for civilian population in the
cantonment area. This board is created as well as administered by the central government.
The executive officer of the cantonment board is appointed by the president of
India.
11.6.Township
11.7.Port Trust: established in the port
areas like Mumbai,Kolkata,Chennai
11.8.Special Purpose Agency: states have
certain agencies with special purpose to serve. They function as autonomous
bodies , not subordinate agencies of the the local municipal bodies. Housing
boards, Pollution control boards, City transport boards etc…
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